Main article: Voice procedure Several important short words and responses have set equivalents designed to make them more reliably intelligible, and are used in the same situations as the NATO alphabet.įor "yes" and "no", radio operators say affirmative and negative, though to avoid possible confusion affirm is sometimes used for affirmative Assuming that the transcriptions are not intended to be precise, only 11 of the 26- Bravo, Echo, Hotel, Juliet(t), Kilo, Mike, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Whiskey, and Zulu-are given English pronunciations by all these agencies, though not always the same English pronunciations. Also, although all codes for the letters of the alphabet are English words, they are not in general given English pronunciations. However, there are still differences in pronunciation between the ICAO and other agencies, and the ICAO has conflicting Roman-alphabet and IPA transcriptions. To eliminate wide variations in pronunciation, posters illustrating the pronunciation desired by the ICAO are available. The pronunciation of the codes for the letters of the alphabet and for the digits varies according to the language habits of the speaker. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. For English versions of the alphabet, like that from ATIS or the version used by the British armed forces and emergency services, one or both may revert to their standard English spelling. Juliett is spelled with a tt for French speakers because they may otherwise treat a single final t as silent. The English and French spelling alpha would not be pronounced properly by speakers of some other languages the native speakers of which may not know that ph should be pronounced as f. Alfa is spelled with an f as it is in most European languages. In most versions of the alphabet, the non-English spellings Alfa and Juliett are used. It is generally required internationally, not domestically, however thus if both parties of a radio conversation are from the same country, then another phonetic alphabet of that nation's choice may be used. Most of the words are recognizable by native English speakers because English must be used upon request for communication between an aircraft and a control tower whenever two different nations are involved, especially when they speak different languages. The spelling alphabet is now also defined in other unclassified international military documents. Nevertheless, a NATO unclassified version of the document is provided to foreign, even hostile, militaries, even though they are not allowed to make it available publicly. However, ATP-1 is marked NATO Confidential (or the lower NATO Restricted) so it is not available publicly. The name NATO phonetic alphabet became widespread because the signals used to facilitate the naval communications and tactics of NATO have become global. Because the latter allows messages to be spelled via flags or Morse code, it naturally named the code words used to spell out messages by voice its "phonetic alphabet". In practice these are used very rarely, as they frequently result in confusion between speakers of different languages.Ī common name for this spelling alphabet, "NATO phonetic alphabet," exists because it appears in Allied Tactical Publication ATP-1, Volume II: Allied Maritime Signal and Maneuvering Book used by all allied navies of NATO, which adopted a modified form of the International Code of Signals. NATO uses the regular English numeric words (Zero, One, with some alternative pronunciations), whereas the IMO provides for compound numeric words (Nadazero, Unaone, Bissotwo.). The same alphabetic code words are used by all agencies, but each agency chooses one of two different sets of numeric code words. It is a subset of the much older International Code of Signals (INTERCO), which originally included visual signals by flags or flashing light, sound signals by whistle, siren, foghorn, or bell, as well as one, two, or three letter codes for many phrases. Contents * 1 International adoptionĪfter the phonetic alphabet was developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) (see history below) it was adopted by many other international and national organizations, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the American Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS), and the American Radio Relay League (ARRL).
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